CITATIONS


Arkansas Citations
Federal Citations
Miscellaneous Citations
State Reporter Citations

After each rule or example, the source of the rule or example is given in brackets. The following is a list of the abbreviations used:

[ALWD 11.1] or [ALWD App. 5] = rules or appendices from ALWD Citation Manual, 3rd Ed. (2005)
[B5],[T.1], [BT.2] or [12.5.3] = rule numbers from The Bluebook, 18th ed. (2005)
[GRS] = memo from Justice George Rose Smith
[SC] = memo from the Arkansas Supreme Court
[PC] = per curiam opinion
[popular] = a popular citation
[source] = as suggested by the source

 

Arkansas Citations

Acts (Session Laws):

Act 120 of 1938. [popular]
2006 Ark. Acts 1. [T.1, 12.4, ALWD App. 1]

Act 120 of the First Extraordinary Session of 1987. [GRS]
2006 Ark. Acts 1, 1st Ext. Sess. [12.4 & T.1]


Bills:

1997 Ark. H.B. 123, § 2
1997 Ark. S.B. 456, § 3


Code:

The Arkansas Supreme Court adopted the following form to cite the Arkansas Code of 1987, which became effective at midnight December 31, 1987:

Ark. Code Ann. § 1-2-113(a)(5) (1987).
Ark. Code Ann. § 1-2-114(b)(1) (Supp. 19__).
Ark. Code Ann. §§ 7-1-101–9-30-109 (Repl. 19__).
Ark. Code Ann. §§ 1-2-115–1-2-130 (1987 and Supp. 19__).
Ark. Code Ann. §§ 7-1-101–9-30-109 (Repl. 19__ and Supp. 19__).

  1. Use the original punctuation separating sections unless the source contains no such separating punctuation, in which case place the subsection designation in parentheses. Thus, place “1.” and “a)” in parentheses (“(1)” and “(a)”), but not “.01" or “-32.” [3.3, ALWD 6.4(b)&(c)]

  2. When citing consecutive sections or subsections, give inclusive numbers; do not use “et seq.” [3.3(b)]; “use of et seq. is not encouraged,” [ALWD 6.6(d)]

  3. Always space between the section mark (§) and the numeral. [ALWD 6.2 &14.2(c)] Do not space between the section number and its subsection or between a subsection and any further subdivisions. Always space between the section or subsections and the date parenthetical. [See 3.3, and see ALWD 14.2]

  4. When citing Code Commentaries, Vols. A and B (Repl. 1995), use the following forms as applicable:

Comment to Ark. Code Ann. § 18-28-216 (Repl. 1995)
Official Comment to Ark. Code Ann. § 4-33-302 (Repl. 1995)
Original Commentary to Ark. Code Ann. § 5-2-206 (Repl. 1995)

In general, follow the headings in the two Commentaries volumes as modified by the examples above.


Constitution: [11 and GRS]

Ark. Const. art. 4, § 3, cl. 2.
Ark. Const. amend. 60, § 2, cl. 1.

(Cite provisions without date unless the cited provisions have been repealed or amended, in which case indicate parenthetically both the fact and the date of repeal or amendment or cite the repealing or amending provision in full. If a provision has been totally superseded, cite it with its year of adoption in parentheses.) [11]


Cases:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Ark. ___, ___ S.W.3d ___ (200_). [10]

Ct. App.: ___ Ark. App. ___, ___ S.W.3d ___ (200_). [10]

8/8/79–2/18/81: ___ Ark. ___, ___ S.W.2d ___ (Ark. App. 19__). [PC]


    Opinions Not Designated for Publication: [PC]

    A v. B, CR 98-272, slip op. at ___ (Ark. Month __, 2007).
  • "at ___” unnecessary if referencing whole opinion

    • -OR-

    A v. B, CACR 97-579, slip op. at ___ (Ark. App. Month __, 2007).
  • Electronic “vendor-neutral” citations have not been adopted.


Supplemental Opinions:

    A v. B, ___ Ark. ___, ___, ___ S.W.2d ___, ___ (19__) (supplemental opinion granting/denying rehearing). [10.6]

  • Cite to the starting page of the original majority opinion with a page cite to the starting page of the supplemental opinion or a particular page within that supplemental opinion.


Slip Opinions:

A v. B, ___ Ark. ___, ___ S.W.2d ___ (Month __, 19__).

  • Per curiam orders are cited just like other opinions.
  • The first series of the South Western Reporter consists of 300 volumes and contains cases dating to December 1927. Cases in Volumes 1-46 of the Arkansas Reports do not have parallel citations in the South Western Reporter.
  • When case names are used as part of a textual sentence they should conform to Rule 10.2.1. When they appear as part of a citation they should be further abbreviated according to Rule 10.2.2. [10.2]
  • As soon as the Arkansas or Arkansas Appellate page number is available, the month & date are dropped from the cite.

Law Review and Law Notes: [16]

Author, Title of Article, ___ Ark. L. Rev. ___ (19__).
Comment, Title of Article, ___ UALR L.J. ___ (19__).
Note, Title of Article, ___ Ark. L. Rev. ___ (19__).
Author, Title of Article, 19__ Ark. L. Notes ___.


Rules: [See 12.8.3 or 12.8.6 or as indicated.]

Appellate Procedure: Ark. R. App. P.–Civil 3.
  Ark. R. App. P.–Crim. 3.
Civil Procedure: Ark. R. Civ. P. 56. [preferred]
  ARCP Rule 56. [acceptable]
Criminal Procedure: Ark. R. Crim. P. 37.2. [preferred]
  A.R.Cr.P. Rule 37.2. [acceptable]
Evidence: Ark. R. Evid. 803. [preferred]
  ARE Rule 803. [acceptable]
Jury Instructions: AMI Civ. 3d 503.
  AMI Crim. 506.
Supreme Court: Ark. Sup. Ct. R. 3-4(a)(8).
Admission to the Bar: Bar Admis. R. XV(B)(1)(a).
Certif. of Ct. Reporter: Cert. of Ct. Rptrs. § 7.
CLE: Ark. CLE R. 6(f)(2).
District Court Rules: District Ct. R. 9.
Judicial Conduct: Ark. Code of Judicial Conduct Canon 7(A)(1)(a).
Judicial Discipline: Ark. Jud. Disc. & Disab. Comm’n R. 11(G)(1).
Professional Conduct: Ark. R. Prof’l Conduct (a)(1).
  P. Reg. Prof’l Conduct (e)(6).
Unauthorized Practice: Unauth. Prac. of Law Rule III(b)(1).
Workers’ Comp. Comm. R.: W.C.C. Rule 3 (Sept. 1988). [14.1]
Att’y Gen. Opinions: Op. Att’y Gen. # 302 (1918).
  Op. Att’y Gen. # 91-306. [14.1]


Statutes: [12.3 & GRS]


Orig. 1947 Ed.: Ark. Stat. Ann. § 34-987 (1947).
Replacement: Ark. Stat. Ann. § 34-987 (Repl. 19__).
Pocket Part: Ark. Stat. Ann. § 34-987 (Supp. 19__).
Addendum: Ark. Stat. Ann. § 85-1-504 (Add. 19__).
Repl. & Supp.: Ark. Stat. Ann. §§ 71-1301–71-1310 (Repl. 19__ & Supp. 19__).
Subsections: Ark. Stat. Ann. § 34-987(2)(a) (Repl. 19__).

When a particular volume has been cited once as, for example, “(Repl. 1957),” there is no need to repeat this reference in a subsequent citation of the same volume. [GRS]

 

Federal Citations

Code: [B6.1.1]

42 U.S.C. § 300a-7 (19__) or (Supp. 19__).
42 U.S.C.A. § 300a-7 (West 19__) or (West Supp. 19__).
42 U.S.C.S. § 300a-7 (Law. Co-op. 19__) or (Law. Co-op. Supp. 19__).

U.S.C., U.S.C.A., and U.S.C.S. all have the same volume and section numbers. U.S.C. is the official code.


Constitution: [B7 & GRS]

U.S. Const. art. 1, § 9, cl. 2.
U.S. Const. amend. 14, § 2.
(Cite provisions without date unless the cited provisions have been repealed or amended, in which case indicate parenthetically both the fact and the date of repeal or amendment or cite the repealing or amending provision in full. If a provision has been totally superseded, cite it with its year of adoption in parentheses.) [11]


Cases: [B5]

___ U.S. ___ (19__). No parallel cites are required.
___ U.S. ___, xxx S. Ct. xxx (19__). U.S. cite not available.
___ F.2d ___ (1st Cir. 19__), or (D.C. Cir. 19__).
___ F. Supp. ___ (S.D.N.Y. 19__), or (E.D. Ark. 19__).


Rules: [B6.1.3]

Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6).
Fed. R. Evid. 601.


Statutes: [B6.1.1]

Name of the Act, Pub. L. No. __-___, § ___, ___ Stat. ___ (19__) (codified as amended at ___ U.S.C. § ___ (19__)).

- OR -

Name of the Act, ch. ___, ___ Stat. ___ (19__) (codified as amended at ___ U.S.C. § ___ (19__)).

If possible, cite statutes currently in force to the current official code or its supplement. [12.2.1] Cite to the session laws if a statute appears in so many scattered sections or titles that no useful citation to the code is possible. [12.2.2(a)]

 

Miscellaneous Citations

Books (other than legal publications):

ALR: Author, Annotation, Title, ___ A.L.R. Fed. ___ (19__). [16.6.6]
Am. Jur.: 17 Am. Jur. 2d Contracts § 75 (19__). [15.8]
CJS: 88 C.J.S. Trial § 192 (19__). [15.8]


Computer Cites:

A v. B, No. _________, 1991 U.S. App. LEXIS 5863, at *3 (8th Cir. Apr. 10, 1991) (per curiam).
A v. B, No. _________, 1991 WL 55402, at *6 (D. Kan. Apr. 10, 1991).


Dictionaries:

Ballentine’s Law Dictionary 1190 (3d ed. 1969). [B8]
Black’s Law Dictionary 290 (6th ed. 1990). [B8]


Hornbooks:

Edward W. Cleary, McCormick on Evidence § ___, at ___ (3d ed. 19__).
4A Arthur L. Corbin, Corbin on Contracts § ___ (19__).
3A Arthur Larson, The Law of Workmen’s Compensation § ___ (19__).
W. Page Keeton et al., Prosser & Keeton on the Law of Torts § ___, at ___ (5th ed. 1984). [15]
4 John H. Wigmore, Evidence in Trials at Common Law § ___, at ___ (3d ed. 19__).
10 Samuel Williston, A Treatise on the Law of Contracts § ___ (3d ed. 19__ & Supp. 1979).


Newspaper:

John Smith, “My Article,” Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, Dec. 15, 1998, at 1E, col. 2.


Restatement:

Restatement (Second) of Torts § ____ (19__). [B6.1.3]


UCC:

U.C.C. § 2-505 (A uniform act cited as the law of a particular state should be cited as a state statute). [B6.1.3]
Unif. R. Evid. 403 [12.8.3]

 

State Reporter Citations

  1. Case names in textual sentences should conform to The Bluebook Rule 10.2.1. In a citation, they should be further abbreviated according to The Bluebook Rule 10.2.2. [10.2]

  2. Cite the official state reporter, unless the state has none, in which case cite to the regional reporter [10.3.1 & Ark. Sup. Ct. R. 4.2(a)(7)]. In the parentheses, before the date, give the state abbreviation. If the decision is of a court other than the highest court, include the full, abbreviated name of the court. [10.4]

    3. ... 277 S.W.2d 87 (Mo. 19__).
    ... 277 S.W.2d 87 (Mo. Ct. App. 19__).

  3. The following is an alphabetical list by state of the present proper citation for supreme court and court of appeals opinions. If the state does not have a court of appeals, only the citation for the supreme court’s opinions is listed. Some citations have changed over the years. The “since 19__” notation indicates that the citation listed is correct only for cases since the year indicated. Check The Bluebook for other citation forms. [T.1]


Alabama:

Sup. Ct.: ___ So. 2d ___ (Ala. 19__). since 1976
Ct. Civ. App.: ___ So. 2d ___ (Ala. Civ. App. 19__). since 1976
Ct. Crim. App.: ___ So. 2d ___ (Ala. Crim. App. 19__). since 1976

Alaska:

Sup. Ct: ___ P.2d ___ (Alaska 19__). since 1960
Ct. App.: ___ P.2d ___ (Alaska Ct. App. 19__). since 1980

Arizona:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Ariz. ___, ___ P.2d ___ (19__). since 1931
Ct. App.: ___ Ariz. ___, ___ P.2d ___ (Ct. App. 19__). since 1976

Arkansas:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Ark. ___, ___ S.W.2d ___ (19__). since 1927
Ct. App.: ___ Ark. App. ___, ___ S.W.2d ___ (19__). since February 18, 1981

The first series of the South Western Reporter consists of 300 volumes and contains cases dating to December 1927. Cases in Volumes 1-46 of the Arkansas Reports do not have parallel citations in the South Western Reporter.

California:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Cal. 3d ___, ___ P.2d ___, ___ Cal. Rptr. ___ (19__). since 1969
Ct. App.: ___ Cal. App. 3d ___, ___ Cal. Rptr. ___ (19__). since 1959

Colorado:

Sup. Ct.: ___ P.2d ___ (Colo. 19__). since 1980
Ct. App.: ___ P.2d ___ (Colo. Ct. App. 19__). since 1980

Connecticut:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Conn. ___, ___ A.2d ___ (19__). since 1938
App. Ct.: ___ Conn. App. ___, ___ A.2d ___ (19___). since 1983

Delaware:

Sup. Ct.: ___ A.2d ___ (Del. 19__). since 1966

District of Columbia:

Ct. App.: ___ A.2d ___ (D.C. 19__) since 1943

Florida:

Sup. Ct.: ___ So. 2d ___ (Fla. 19__). since 1948
Dist. Ct. App.: ___ So. 2d ___ (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 19__). since 1957

Georgia:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Ga. ___, ___ S.E.2d ___ (19__). since 1939
Ct. App.: ___ Ga. App. ___, ___ S.E.2d ___ (19__). since 1939

Hawaii:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Haw. ___, ___ P.2d ___ (19__). since 1959
Ct. App.: ___ Haw. App. ___, ___ P.2d ___, (19__). since 1980

Idaho:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Idaho ___, ___ P.2d ___ (19__). since 1931
Ct. App.: ___ Idaho ___, ___ P.2d ___ (Ct. App. 19__). since 1931

Illinois:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Ill. 2d ___, ___ N.E.2d ___ (19__). since 1954
App. Ct.: ___ Ill. App. 3d ___, ___ N.E.2d ___ (19__). since 1972

Indiana:

Sup. Ct.: ___ N.E.2d ___ (Ind. 19__). since 1981
Ct. App.: ___ N.E.2d ___ (Ind. Ct. App. 19__). since 1979

Iowa:

Sup. Ct.: ___ N.W.2d ___ (Iowa 19__). since 1968
Ct. App.: ___ N.W.2d ___ (Iowa Ct. App. 19__). since 1977

Kansas:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Kan. ___, ___ P.2d ___ (19__). since 1931
Ct. App.: ___ Kan. App. 2d ___, ___ P.2d ___ (19__). since 1977

Kentucky:

Sup. Ct.: ___ S.W.2d ___ (Ky. 19__). since 1951
Ct. App.: ___ S.W.2d ___ (Ky. Ct. App. 19__). since 1976

Louisiana:

Sup. Ct.: ___ So. 2d ___ (La. 19__). since 1972
Ct. App.: ___ So. 2d ___ (La. Ct. App. 19__). since 1941

Maine:

Sup. Jud. Ct.: ___ A.2d ___ (Me. 19__). since 1965

Maryland:

Ct. App.: ___ Md. ___, ___ A.2d ___ (19__). since 1938
Ct. Spec. App.: ___ Md. App. ___, ___ A.2d ___ (19__). since 1967

Massachusetts:

Sup. Jud. Ct.: ___ Mass. ___, ___ N.E.2d ___ (19__). since 1936
App. Ct.: ___ Mass. App. Ct. ___, ___ N.E.2d ___ (19__). since 1976

Michigan:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Mich. ___, ___ N.W.2d ___ (19__). since 1941
Ct. App.: ___ Mich. App. ___, ___ N.W.2d ___ (19__). since 1965

Minnesota:

Sup. Ct.: ___ N.W.2d ___ (Minn. 19__). since 1977
Ct. App.: ___ N.W.2d ___ (Minn. Ct. App. 19__). since 1983

Mississippi:

Sup. Ct.: ___ So. 2d ___ (Miss. 19__). since 1966

Missouri:

Sup. Ct.: ___ S.W.2d ___ (Mo. 19__). since 1956
Ct. App.: ___ S.W.2d ___ (Mo. Ct. App. 19__). since 1952

Montana:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Mont. ___, ___ P.2d ___ (19__). since 1931

Nebraska:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Neb. ___, ___ N.W.2d ___ (19__). since 1941

Nevada:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Nev. ___, ___ P.2d ___ (19__). since 1931

New Hampshire:

Sup. Ct.: ___ N.H. ___, ___ A.2d ___ (19__). since 1938

New Jersey:

Sup. Ct.: ___ N.J. ___, ___ A.2d ___ (19__). since 1948

New Mexico:

Sup. Ct.: ___ N.M. ___, ___ P.2d ___ (19__). since 1931
Ct. App.: ___ N.M. ___, ___ P.2d ___ (Ct. App. 19__). since 1967

New York:

Ct. App.: ___ N.Y.2d ___, ___ N.E.2d ___, ___ N.Y.S.2d ___ (19__). since 1956
Sup. Ct., App. Div.: ___ A.D.2d ___, ___ N.Y.S.2d ___ (19__). since 1955

North Carolina:

Sup. Ct.: ___ N.C. ___, ___ S.E.2d ___ (19__). since 1939
Ct. App.: ___ N.C. App. ___, ___ S.E.2d ___ (19__). since 1968

North Dakota:

Sup. Ct.: ___ N.W.2d ___ (N.D. 19__). since 1953
Ct. App.: ___ N.W.2d ___ (N.D. Ct. App. 19__). since 1987

Ohio:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Ohio St. 3d ___, ___ N.E.2d ___ (19__). since 1982
Ct. App.: ___ Ohio App. 3d ___, ___ N.E.2d ___ (19__). since 1982

Oklahoma:

Sup. Ct.: ___ P.2d ___ (Okla. 19__). since 1953
Crim. App.: ___ P.2d ___ (Okla. Crim. App. 19__). since 1953
Ct. App.: ___ P.2d ___ (Okla. Ct. App. 19__). since 1969

Oregon:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Or. ___, ___ P.2d ___ (19__). since 1931
Ct. App.: ___ Or. App. ___, ___ P.2d ___ (19__). since 1969

Pennsylvania:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Pa. ___, ___ A.2d ___ (19__). since 1938

Rhode Island:

Sup. Ct.: ___ A.2d ___ (R.I. 19__). since 1980

South Carolina:

Sup. Ct.: ___ S.C. ___, ___ S.E.2d ___ (19__). since 1939
Ct. App.: ___ S.C. ___, ___ S.E.2d ___ (Ct. App. 19__). since 1983

South Dakota:

Sup. Ct.: ___ N.W.2d ___ (S.D. 19__). since 1976

Tennessee:

Sup. Ct.: ___ S.W.2d ___ (Tenn. 19__). since 1971
Ct. App.: ___ S.W.2d ___ (Tenn. Ct. App. 19__). since 1971
Crim. App.: ___ S.W.2d ___ (Tenn. Crim. App. 19__). since 1971

Texas:

Sup. Ct.: ___ S.W.2d ___ (Tex. 19__). since 1962
Ct. App.: ___ S.W.2d ___ (Tex. Ct. App. 19__). since 1981
Ct. Crim. App.: ___ S.W.2d ___ (Tex. Crim. App. 19__). since 1963

Utah:

Sup. Ct.: ___ P.2d ___ (Utah 19__). since 1974

Vermont:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Vt. ___, ___ A.2d ___ (19__). since 1938

Virginia:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Va. ___, ___ S.E.2d ___ (19__). since 1939
Ct. App.: ___ Va. App. ___, ___ S.E.2d ___ (19__). since 1985

Washington:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Wash. 2d ___, ___ P.2d ___ (19__). since 1931
Ct. App.: ___ Wash. App. ___, ___ P.2d ___ (19__). since 1969

West Virginia:

Sup. Ct. of App.: ___ W. Va. ___, ___ S.E.2d ___ (W. Va. 19__). since 1939

Wisconsin:

Sup. Ct.: ___ Wis. 2d ___, ___ N.W.2d ___ (19__). since 1941
Ct. App.: ___ Wis. 2d ___, ___ N.W.2d ___ (Ct. App. 19__). since 1978

Wyoming:

Sup. Ct.: ___ P.2d ___ (Wyo. 19__). since 1959